I think I've found the perfect book for my thesis. I just finished reading Bruno Bettelheim's The Uses of Enchantment in which he optimistically advocates fairy tale reading as supportive of children's psychological growth into responsible, moral, adulthood. I found some of his argument, especially the case studies on children, to be quite arresting, but I doubt the wholly positive power fairy tales have on coming of age that he so strongly advocates. So I've been searching around for the counter-argument and came across Tatar, whose book promises to reveal the evolution of fairy tales from portraying life as more morally ambiguous to a strict good/evil divide. What are the consequences of telling cleaned-up versions of folk stories as cautionary tales to children?
From Amazon:
Murder, mutilation, cannibalism, infanticide, and incest: the darker
side of classic fairy tales figures as the subject matter for this
intriguing study of Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm's Nursery and Household
Tales. This updated and expanded second edition includes a new preface
and an appendix containing new translations of six tales, along with
commentary by Maria Tatar. Throughout the book, Tatar skillfully employs
the tools not only of a psychoanalyst but also of a folklorist,
literary critic, and historian to examine the harsher aspects of these
stories. She presents new interpretations of the powerful stories in
this worldwide best-selling book. Few studies have been written in
English on these tales, and none has probed their allegedly happy
endings so thoroughly.
This erudite, cogent perusal of Wilhelm and Jacob Grimm's Nursery and
Household Tales is, for the most part, accessible to a lay audience.
Tatar charts the evolution of the tales through manuscript form and the
various editions, and offers what she maintains is the first complete
English translation of the prefaces to the first and second editions.
The Grimms abandoned a scholarly effort to salvage pure remnants of folk
poetry, advances Tatar, and "with each new edition, the tales veered
more sharply away from the rough-hewn simplicity of their first versions
to a sanitized and stylized literary form that proved attractive to
both parents and children." She demonstrates how the Grimms purged the
collection of references to sexuality and incestuous desire but
intensified violence, particularly when it took the form of revenge. In
opposition to child psychologist Bruno Bettelheim, Tatar warns that some
cautionary tales may instill fear, rather than confidence, in children;
regarding "Bluebeard," she faults Bettelheim for turning a tale
depicting the most brutal kind of serial murders into a story about idle
female curiosity and duplicity. Tatar (Spellbound: Studies on Mesmerism
and Literature) chairs the German literature department at Harvard
University.
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